Antepipona de Saussure 1855

KEYS TO ORIENTAL SPECIES OF ANTEPIPONA DE SAUSSURE, 1855A key is provided here to the 33 recognized species in the genusAntepiponade Saussure, 1855 from the Oriental region. The characters are taken from the descriptions and figures of van der Vecht (1963), Giordani Soika (1976, 1977, 1982), Yamane (1990), Kumar et al. (2016), and Selis (2018), as well as from specimens of A. bipustulata (de Saussure, 1855), A. buguttata (Fabricius, 1787), A. ceylonica (de Saussure, 1867), A. rufescens (Smith, 1857), A. tytides (Cameron, 1904), A. concava Nguyen, Dang & A. D. Nguyen, n. sp., and A. crenula Nguyen, Yamane & Engel, n. sp. from Vietnam; A. biguttata from China and India; A. bipustulata from Singapore and Japan; A. ceylonica, A. minutissima Giordani Soika, 1982, A. ovalis (de Saussure, 1853), and A. sibilans (Cameron, 1903) from India; A. brunnipes (Fabricius, 1804), and A. rufescens from Indonesia; A. excelsa Giordani Soika, 1982 from Nepal; A. sibilans from Taiwan; A. tytides (Cameron, 1904) from Thailand; A. luzonensis (Rohwer, 1919) from the Philippines; and the holotype of A. haryana Gusenleitner, 1996 deposited in Hokkaido University Museum, Sapporo, Japan. Because some species are known only from the female (such as A. sexfasciata Giordani Soika, 1986, A. tricolorata Selis, 2018, A. menkei Giordani Soika, 1986, A. excelsa, and A. haryana) or the male (such as A. brunneola Giordani Soika, 1986, A. concava Nguyen, Dang & A. D. Nguyen, n. sp., and A. crenula Nguyen, Yamane & Engel, n. sp.), separate keys are provided for females and males. Key to females 1. Posterior surface of propodeum without carinae (Fig. 11E) ......................................................................... 2 — Posterior surface of propodeum with two short horizontal or slightly oblique carinae (Fig. 1D; 13F) ........ 16 2. Frons with sparse and fine punctures, interspaces between punctures not raised to form reticulation (Fig. 15A, B) ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 — Frons with dense and coarse punctures, interspaces between punctures raised to form reticulation (Figs 7A; 9A) .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 3. Clypeus in anterior view 1.5 × wider than high; apical margin widely and deeply emarginate (distance between lateral teeth much greater than 1/3 width of clypeus between inner compound eye margins) (Fig. 15A) ........... .................................................................................................................... A. frontalis Giordani Soika, 1982 — Clypeus in frontal view slightly wider than high; apical margin narrowly and shallowly emarginate (distance between lateral teeth about one-fourth width of clypeus between inner compound eye margins) (Fig. 15B).... ....................................................................................................................... A. haryana Gusenleitner, 1996 4. SII bulging at base (Fig. 9C) ......................................................................................................................... 5 — SII not bulging at base (Figs 1E; 5D; 13G) ................................................................................................... 8 5. SII strongly convex at base; TII with strong punctures, interspaces between punctures larger than puncture diameter (Fig. 9C) ....................................................................................................................................... 6 — SII less convex at base; TII with strong punctures, interspaces between punctures equal to or smaller than puncture diameter (Fig. 3D) ............................................................................................................................... 7 6. Clypeus with very strong punctures, interspaces between punctures not raised to form reticulation, apical margin shallowly emarginate; anterior surface of pronotum with sparse punctures laterally; tegulae with external margin strongly concave in posterior third; body black with yellow markings .......... A. exaltata Giordani Soika, 1982 — Clypeus with very coarse and dense punctures, interspaces between punctures raised to form reticulation, apical margin deeply emarginate; anterior surface of pronotum with dense punctures laterally; tegulae not as above; body black with orange markings ......................................................................... A. tytides (Cameron, 1904) 7. Occipital carina gradually narrowing from top to bottom; clypeus with large dense punctures, widely emarginate at apex (distance between lateral teeth less than 1/3 width of clypeus between inner compound eye margins) (Fig. 3A) .................................................................................................... A. bipustulata (de Saussure, 1855) — Occipital carina wide in the upper two-thirds, narrowing rapidly in lower third to form a distinct angle; clypeus with larger and denser punctures, more widely emarginate at apex (distance between teeth much greater than 1/3 width of clypeus between inner compound eye margins) (fig. 34 in Giordani Soika, 1986)......................... ................................................................................................................ A. sexfasciata Giordani Soika, 1986 8. Clypeus much wider than long, distance between lateral teeth much greater than 1/3 width of clypeus between inner compound eye margins (Fig. 7A, fig. 43 in Giordani Soika 1982) ...................................................... 9 — Clypeus as long as or slightly wider than long, distance between lateral teeth less than 1/3 width of clypeus between inner compound eye margins (figs 1, 3 in Giordani Soika 1982) ..................................................... 15 9. Clypeus with sparse small punctures (fig.43 inGiordani Soika 1982); punctures on metasoma sparse and fine .... .................................................................................................................. A. siamensis Giordani Soika, 1982 — Clypeus with denser stronger punctures; punctures on metasoma denser and stronger .............................. 10 10. Clypeus with strong punctures, interspaces between punctures at central part not raised (Fig. 7A, fig. 51 in Kumar et al. 2016) .................................................................................................................................... 11 — Clypeus with coarse punctures, interspaces between punctures at least at central part slightly or strongly raised (Figs 15C, D) ............................................................................................................................................ 12 11. Metanotum with small teeth at base laterally (fig. 13 in Giordani Soika 1982); posterior surface of propodeum with sparse small punctures; terga with strong punctures (fig. 53 in Kumar et al. 2016); clypeus slightly emarginate, with sparse punctures (fig. 51 in Kumar et al. 2016); body black with yellow markings (fig. 49 in Kumar et al., 2016) ........................................................................................................ A. ovalis (de Saussure, 1853) — Metanotum with large triangular teeth at base laterally (Fig. 7C); posterior surface of propodeum with dense strong punctures; terga with stronger punctures (fig. 6 in Selis 2018); clypeus more deeply emarginate, with denser punctures (Fig. 7A, fig. 7 in Selis 2018); body back with yellow and ferruginous markings (Fig. 7C) ... ............................................................................................................................. A. rufescens (Smith, 1857), 12. Posterior surface of propodeum with dense coarse punctures, interspaces between punctures raised; clypeus with two faint longitudinal carinae at apical half or two-thirds (fig. 3 in Gusenleitner 2015, fig. 7 in Selis 2018) ... .................................................................................................................................................................. 13 — Posterior surface of propodeum with sparse small punctures; clypeus without faint longitudinal carinae (Fig. 15C, 15D) ......................................................................................................................................................... 14 13. Pronotum with anterior carina rounded at shoulder, anterior surface of pronotum with uniform punctures except a smooth shiny area medially; body black with yellow markings ........ A. consimilis Gusenleitner, 2015 — Pronotum with anterior carina slightly produced at shoulder; anterior surface of pronotum smooth shiny, with some scattered deep punctures; body black with yellow and ferruginous markings ..... A. tricolorata Selis, 2018 14. Large species, body length about 11.5 mm; clypeus less convex, with apical margin more than 1/3 width of clypeus between compound eyes (Fig. 15C, fig. 44 in Giordani Soika 1982); anterior carina of pronotum present only laterally, pronotal shoulder rounded; metanotum with sharp teeth at base laterally; body ferruginous with yellow markings (Fig. 15E) .......................................................................... A. aurantiaca Giordani Soika, 1982 — Smaller species, body length about 6.5 mm; clypeus more convex, with apical margin about ¼ width of clypeus between compound eyes (Fig. 15D); anterior carina of pronotum present laterally and in dorsal third, produced to blunt angle at shoulder; metanotum with blunt teeth at base laterally; body black with yellow markings (Fig. 15F) ............................................................................................. A. minutissima Giordani Soika, 1982 15. Clypeus deeply emarginate with blunt teeth laterally (fig.