Anaerobic Digestion for Wastewater Treatment: A Review of Principles, Processes and Performance

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a well-established process used in wastewater treatment to break down organic matter while generating biogas and reducing the amount of sludge produced. This review covers the basic principles of AD, it focuses on the different types of systems used, their performance, and the latest advancements in the field. It highlights key research findings that show how effective AD is in removing pollutants, producing methane, and recovering valuable resources, making it a sustainable option for managing wastewater. The review also discusses ongoing challenges, such as improving reactor designs, boosting microbial activity, and scaling up the technology for larger applications. By offering a clear overview of AD’s potential and its limitations, this paper aims to provide practical insights for researchers and engineers looking to make wastewater treatment more efficient and environmentally friendly.