Occupational Dust Effect of Silica on the Lung Functions of Workers in Emenite, Emene Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria

The inhalation of silica dust poses significant health risks, particularly affecting lung function in industrial workers. This study investigates the impact of occupational silica dust exposure on the lung function of workers at Emenite, a company known for its high silica dust environment. The primary objective is to assess the prevalence of respiratory issues and quantify lung function impairment among these workers. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 38 workers from Emenite. Participants underwent spirometry tests to measure lung function, and detailed exposure histories were obtained through structured interviews. Additionally, ambient silica dust levels in various work areas were monitored using standard air sampling techniques. Data obtained from the assessments were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of variance [ANOVA], Duncan Multiple Range Test [DMRT], Student's t-test, and regression analysis) were performed, with significance defined at p < 0.05.Results indicated a significant reduction in lung function parameters, including forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC among workers exposed to high levels of silica dust compared to those in less exposed roles. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms such as chronic cough, dyspnea, shortness of breath, chest tightness and wheezing were markedly higher in the high-exposure group. conclusively, the findings underscore the critical need for enhanced protective measures and regular health monitoring to mitigate the adverse effects of silica dust on lung function. This study highlights the urgency for policy implementation focused on reducing occupational silica exposure in industrial settings.