To observe pattern of unnatural deaths pediatrics age group at SMS Medical College & attached hospitals Jaipur 2021-2022

ABSTRACT: Background: Childhood, extending from birth to 18 years as outlined in the Children’s Bill of Rights, is a formative period marked by rapid physical, emotional, and social development. The rate of mortality among children, especially from unnatural causes, serves as an important indicator of a country's healthcare effectiveness, safety standards, and overall development. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the patterns and causes of unnatural deaths in the pediatric population (aged 0–18 years) in the Jaipur region. Materials and Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 65 cases of medico-legal autopsies involving pediatric unnatural deaths. The study was carried out in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology at SMS Hospital, Jaipur, over a one-year period from June 15, 2021, to June 14, 2022. Cases were selected based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure relevance and reliability of data. Results: Of the 65 pediatric victims analyzed, 61.54% were male and 38.46% were female. Unintentional deaths were recorded in 49 cases (75.38%), all of which were accidental in nature. Intentional deaths accounted for 16 cases (24.62%), with 6.15% classified as homicidal and 18.45% as suicidal—the latter being most prevalent among adolescents. The most frequent cause of death was road traffic accidents (35.38%, 23 cases), followed by falls from height (18.45%, 12 cases). Other causes included drowning, poisoning, burns, and electrocution, though with lower frequencies. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the urgent need for enhanced supervision by parents, guardians, and caregivers, particularly in high-risk environments. Moreover, the findings underscore the importance of timely and effective emergency care in improving survival outcomes when accidents occur. Strategic public health initiatives, educational programs on child safety, and stronger enforcement of safety regulations could significantly reduce the incidence of pediatric unnatural deaths Keywords: Unnatural deaths, pediatric, autopsy, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, accidents, suicide.