New Permian and Triassic Scytinopteridae (Homoptera: Cicadomorpha) with elytrized tegmina, with notes on the origin of true bugs (Heteroptera)

New Scytinopteridae with elytrized tegmina are described: Ooscyta chertoprudi gen. et sp. n. from the Late Permian of Karaungir, East Kazakhstan and Synelytra tverdokhlebovorum gen. et sp. n. from the Early Triassic of Petropavlovka, Southern Cis-Urals, European Russia. The fossil insect assemblages of Karaungir and Petropavlovka are briefly characterized. In the Late Olenekian of Petropavlovka, the earliest Ipsviciidae and Curvicubitidae are recorded, as well as the genera and possibly species characteristic of Madygen, which indicates that the Middle Triassic entomofauna began to form towards the end of the Early Triassic. The evidence supporting the origin of true bugs from scytinopteroids is briefly discussed.