Framingham Risk Score and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Different Obesity Phenotype Bangladesh 2021-2022

This study evaluates cardiovascular disease risk in Bangladesh by assessing the Framingham Risk Score among different obesity phenotypes, highlighting the growing recognition of central obesity as a stronger predictor of CVD. This cross-sectional study recruited 416 adults, attending the outpatient department (OPD) of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from March 2021 to February 2022. The study participants were categorized as non-obese (reference group) and obese phenotype groups; phenotype A (obese BMI, non-obese WC), phenotype B (non-obese BMI, obese WC) and phenotype C (obese BMI, obese WC) with respect to BMI and WC. We calculated the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) to categorize the risk of CVD; low-risk CVD (FRS < 10%) or CVD risk (FRS > 10%). The risk of CVD in obese phenotypes and non-obese individuals was 33% and 10.6% respectively. We found the highest risk of CVD in obesity phenotype B (44.8%), followed by C (31.4%) and A (17%) where males dominate over females in all obesity phenotypes. We identified a significant association between obesity and CVD risk, yielding a 4.12 odds ratio (95% CI: 2.02-9.25, p=0.000). The study found that obese individuals have a significantly increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk based on the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) compared to non-obese individuals. Women's health (WC) is a strong predictor of CVD risk in Bangladeshi adults, regardless of BMI. Variations exist across different obesity phenotypes, with phenotype B carrying the highest risk and phenotype A the lowest. The study recommends FRS-based CVD risk assessment for all obese individuals.