METHODS AND TOOLS FOR FORMING MORAL QUALITIES IN SENIOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN BASED ON NATIONAL VALUES

This academic article explores the significant role of national values in shaping moral qualities in senior preschool children. In the context of Uzbekistan’s ongoing educational reforms, the integration of national and universal human values has become a key priority in the upbringing of the younger generation. The preschool period is a critical phase where children develop their ethical outlook, emotional understanding, and the foundational elements of personality. The article highlights the content, methods, and tools used in moral education within preschool institutions, based on the rich spiritual and cultural heritage of the Uzbek people. Special attention is given to the use of traditional games, fairy tales, proverbs, moral teachings, dramatizations, and various elements of aesthetic and folk pedagogy as effective means of instilling moral values in children. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the importance of the family environment, collaboration between educators and parents, the moral atmosphere of the classroom, and the educator’s role model behavior. Methodologically, the study is grounded in observation, interviews, active pedagogical observation, and diagnostic analysis to assess the children’s level of moral development. Findings indicate that integrating national values into the educational process enhances the formation of key moral traits such as patriotism, compassion, politeness, responsibility, and diligence. The article concludes that a value-based educational approach not only supports the holistic development of the child but also fosters cultural awareness and a sense of identity rooted in the national heritage. The study provides practical pedagogical recommendations for the preschool education system.