Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its components in semi-urban Bali and urban Bamenda Health districts, North West Region of Cameroon: Strategies for mitigation

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) has been determined in forest regions of Cameroon, but not in the North West region which is culturally and geographically distinct from the south. Objective: The objective was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in the Bali (semi-urban area) and Bamenda (urban area) health districts of the North West Region of Cameroon. Methods: The study targeted the adult population aged 18-89 years old living within the Bamenda and Bali Health Districts as well as healthcare personnel in the two districts. Biochemical parameters of driving factors of MS were determined using standard methods. An interview guide (questionnaire) was used to assess the views of the population and healthcare personnel on the management and prevention of MS. The data collected were analysed using SPSS version 21. The results were presented in the form of tables and charts. Results: Bamenda Health District had a higher prevalence (48.65%) compared to Bali Health District (43.90%). The difference in prevalence between the two Health Districts was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The components of MS had the following prevalence; Obesity (51.3%), High blood pressure (70.9%), High blood glucose (66%), High Triglycerides (14.6%), Low HDL-C (26.9%) and waist circumference (98.31cm). Conclusion: It is essential to implement routine screening for risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome, alongside promoting healthy lifestyles and providing nutritional counselling in health units. Increasing public awareness about the management and prevention of metabolic syndrome components is crucial. Emphasizing the importance of regular exercise and a balanced diet can help prevent the progression of metabolic syndrome to more severe conditions, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes.