Demographic Characteristics Associated with Bilateral Renal Lithiasis

Bilateral renal lithiasis, characterized by the presence of kidney stones in both kidneys, poses significant clinical challenges. This condition is associated with a higher risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), kidney tubular injury, metabolic disorders, and diminished health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Patients with bilateral stones experience more frequent stone events, a younger age of onset, and a higher prevalence of metabolic abnormalities such as elevated blood pressure and serum glucose. Demographic factors, including socioeconomic status, race, age, and gender, further influence the impact of this condition, with nonwhite ethnicities and lower-income groups reporting worse HRQoL. Untreated bilateral renal lithiasis significantly increases the risk of CKD progression, while advanced surgical approaches like bilateral synchronous percutaneous nephrolithotomy offer effective and safe management options. Addressing this condition requires a multifaceted approach that considers both medical interventions and social determinants of health.