Electric Vehicles: A Sustainable Solution for Urban Transportation

Urban areas face growing challenges from traffic congestion and vehicular emissions. This study investigates the potential of electric vehicles (EVs) as a transformative solution for sustainable urban mobility. Using life cycle assessment (LCA), net present value (NPV) analysis, and traffic simulation via PTV VISSIM, we quantify the environmental, economic, and operational benefits of EVs compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Results show EVs can reduce lifecycle CO2 emissions by a quantified 61% and energy consumption by 58%. Smart grid integration further enhances their potential by enabling off-peak charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) support.