Parminolia agapeta

Parminolia agapeta (Melvill & Standen, 1896) Figs 18–20 Minolia agapeta Melvill & Standen, 1896: 312, pl. 11 fig. 77. Type locality: Lifou, Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia (Hadfield). Isanda (Parminolia) apicina – Ladd 1966 (non Monilea apicina Gould, 1861): 39, pl. 5 figs 1–2 (not 3–4 = holotype of Monilea apicina); Miocene and Recent. Material examined Syntypes NEW CALEDONIA • 1 specimen (Fig. 18A–C); Loyalty Islands, Lifou; MM.EE.3700 • 2 specimens; Loyalty Islands, Lifou; NMW.1955.158.00097 • 2 specimens; Loyalty Islands, Lifou; NMW.1955.158.00098 • 3 specimens; Loyalty Islands, Lifou; NHMUK 1897.1.22.137–139. Other material NEW CALEDONIA – Grande Terre, Koumac • 3 specimens, living; Stn KD533; 20°32.2′ S, 164°05.5′ E; depth 11 m; 5 Nov. 2019; KOUMAC 2.3 leg.; sable blanc nu; MNHN • 10 specimens, living; Stn KD563; 20°33.4′ S, 164°06.3′ E; depth 5 m; 15 Nov. 2019; KOUMAC 2.3 leg.; sable blanc; MNHN • 1 specimen, dead; Stn KB636; 20°38.4′ S, 164°11′ E; depth 3 m; 11 Nov. 2019; KOUMAC 2.3 leg.; blocs et corail mort de tombant interne de récif barrière; MNHN • 5 specimens, living; Chenal de l’Infernet, Stn 1304; 20°38.6′ S, 164°13.2′ E; depth 12–15 m; Oct. 1993; Expédition Montrouzier leg.; sable gris, dalle; MNHN • 1 specimen, living; Stn KD568; 20°40.1′ S, 164°14.3′ E; depth 2 m; 16 Nov. 2019; KOUMAC 2.3 leg.; sable blanc et quelques débris coralliens; DNA voucher; MNHN-IM- 2019-9358 • 1 specimen, dead; Chenal de la Passe de Koumac, Stn 1315; 20°40.7′ S, 164°14.7′ E; depth 66–87 m; Oct. 1993; Expédition Montrouzier leg.; sable coquillier vaseux; MNHN • 4 specimens, living; Stn KD560; 20°45.6′ S, 164°15.2′ E; depth 5–9 m; 14 Nov. 2019; KOUMAC 2.3 leg.; sable blanc et quelques algues brunes; MNHN • 1 specimen, dead; Stn KD559; 20°46′ S, 164°15.5′ E; depth 12–14 m; 14 Nov. 2019; KOUMAC 2.3 leg.; sable blanc; MNHN • 1 specimen, dead; Stn KD558; 20°43.7′ S, 164°15.9′ E; depth 6 m; 13 Nov. 2019; KOUMAC 2.3 leg.; petits blocs et débris coralliens; MNHN • 1 specimen, dead; around Plateau Karembé, Stn 1303; 20°37.7′ S, 164°15.9′ E; depth 0–8 m; Oct. 1993; Expédition Montrouzier leg.; sable vaseux, blocs; MNHN • 1 specimen, dead; Stn KB517; 20°37.6′ S, 164°17.3′ E; depth 0 m; 19 Nov. 2019; KOUMAC 2.3 leg.; sable, herbier et blocs coralliens morts; MNHN • 2 specimens, dead; Stn KD 552; 20°49.4′ S, 164°18.5′ E; depth 10–11 m; 13 Nov. 2019; KOUMAC 2.3 leg.; sable blanc; MNHN. – Grande Terre, Touho • 2 specimens, dead; surroundings of l’Îlot Ouao (=Î. Camille), Stn 1255; 20°43′ S, 165°08′ E; depth 11 m; Sep. 1993; Expédition Montrouzier leg.; sable, dômes détritiques; MNHN • 6 specimens, living; Grand Récif Mengalia, Stn 1245; 20°45.2′ S, 165°16.3′ E; depth 0 m; Sep. 1993; Expédition Montrouzier leg.; marée, platier, sable, herbiers; MNHN. – Grande Terre, Nouméa • 1 specimen, dead; Quatre Bancs de l’Ouest, Stn 1510; 22°26.5′ S, 166°18.35′ E; depth 0–1 m; 26 Oct. 2000; Cosel and Trondlé leg.; drague à main; MNHN • 17 specimens, dead; Grand Récif Aboré, Stn 1347; 22°23.6′ S, 166°20.1′ E; depth 10 m; 8 Oct. 1992; P. Bouchet leg.; vase sableuse sur dalle; MNHN • 1 specimen, dead; Île aux Goélands, Stn 1368; 22°24.3′ S, 166°20.7′ E; depth 10 m; 16 Apr. 1993; P. Bouchet leg.; fonds blancs; MNHN • 1 specimen, dead; Île aux Goélands; 22°22.4′ S, 166°22.8′ E; depth 0–4 m; 1997–1999; Claude Berthault leg.; MNHN • 1 specimen, dead; Anse Vata; 22°18.21′ S, 166°26.30′ E; depth 1–5 m; 12 Feb. 2002; Berthault leg.; MNHN • 15 specimens, living; Anse Vata; 22°18.1′ S, 166°26.4′ E; depth 1–5 m; 1987–2007; Claude Berthault leg.; MNHN • 1 specimen, dead; Baie de Sainte Marie – Îlot Uéré; 22°18.5′ S, 166°28.3′ E; depth 0–3 m; 1995-2003; Claude Berthault leg.; MNHN • 15 specimens; Île de Nou; NMW.1955.158. – Loyalty Islands, Loyalty Ridge • 1 specimen, dead; Ride des Loyauté, Stn DW 431; 20°22′ S, 166°10′ E; depth 21 m; 18 Feb. 1989; NO Alis -MUSORSTOM 6 leg.; MNHN. – Loyalty Islands, Lifou • 2 specimens, dead; Baie du Santal, north of Cap Aimé Martin [= Acadro], Stn 1448; 20°45.8′ S, 167°01.6′ E; depth 20 m; 17 Nov. 2000; Atelier LIFOU 2000 leg.; aspirateur, fonds durs; MNHN • 5 specimens, living; Baie du Santal, north of Cap Aimé Martin [= Acadro], Stn 1450; 20°45.8′ S, 167°01.6′ E; depth 27–31 m; 17 Nov. 2000; Atelier LIFOU 2000 leg.; brossages; MNHN • 1 specimen, dead; Baie du Santal, Cap Aimé Martin [=Acadro], Stn 1441; 20°46.4′ S, 167°02′ E; depth 20 m; 13 Nov. 2000; Atelier LIFOU 2000 leg.; surplomb sciaphile; MNHN • 1 specimen, dead; Baie du Santal, between Cap Mandé and Cap Lefèvre [= Nem], Stn 1453; 20°54.6′ S, 167°02.1′ E; depth 21–30 m; 22 Nov. 2000; Atelier LIFOU 2000 leg.; tombant massif avec gorgones; MNHN • 6 specimens, living; Baie du Santal, Baie de Gaatcha, towards Cap Mandé, Stn 1424; 20°54.9′ S, 167°03′ E; depth 4 m; 15 Nov. 2000; Atelier LIFOU 2000 leg.; sable fin et algues photophiles sur dalle; MNHN • 1 specimen, dead; Baie du Santal, Baie de Gaatcha, Stn 1436; 20°55.5′ S, 167°04.2′ E; depth 20 m; 10 Nov. 2000; Atelier LIFOU 2000 leg.; patate corallienne sur tombant; MNHN • 60+ specimens, living; Baie du Santal, in front of landing beaches at Drueulu, Stn 1413; 20°55.3′ S, 167°05.0′ E; depth 3–10 m; 26 Nov. 2000; Atelier LIFOU 2000 leg.; fonds meubles; MNHN • 4 specimens, living; Baie du Santal, NE of Baie de Gaatcha, Stn 1444; 20°55′ S, 167°05.2′ E; depth 9–20 m; 26 Nov. 2000; Atelier LIFOU 2000 leg.; pente alternant zones caillouteuses “mortes” et passées sableuses grossières; MNHN • 2 specimens, living; Baie du Santal, in front of Huneté, Stn 1426; 20°45.9′S, 167°06.2′ E; depth 4–7 m; 20 Nov. 2000; Atelier LIFOU 2000 leg.; dalle et petites poches de séd.; MNHN • 5 specimens, dead; Baie du Santal, in front of Huneté, Stn 1414; 20°45.9′ S, 167°06.2′ E; depth 4–7 m; 20 Nov. 2000; Atelier LIFOU 2000 leg.; drague triangulaire; MNHN • 2 specimens, dead; Baie du Santal, W /SW of Pointe d’Easo, Stn 1430; 20°47.5′ S, 167°07.1′ E; depth 20–25 m; 9 Nov. 2000; Atelier LIFOU 2000 leg.; patates coralliennes, passées séd.; MNHN • 5 specimens, living; Baie du Santal, Baie d’Huneté, Stn 1425; 20°46.8′ S, 167°07.2′ E; depth 4–5 m; 17 Nov. 2000; Atelier LIFOU 2000 leg.; dalle avec couverture sed.; MNHN • 50+ specimens, living; Baie du Santal, in front of Peng, Stn 1423; 20°54′ S, 167°07.3′ E; depth 12 m; 14 Nov. 2000; Atelier LIFOU 2000 leg.; passées sableuses entre patates; MNHN • 6 specimens, living; Baie du Santal, small bay west of Pointe d’Easo, Stn 1422; 20°47.1′ S, 167°07.4′ E; depth 4 m; 25 Nov. 2000; Atelier LIFOU 2000 leg.; sable sur dalle, patates; MNHN • 1 specimen, dead; Baie du Santal, east of Pointe d’Easo, Stn 1418; 20°46.9′ S, 167°07.9′ E; depth 1–5 m; 25 Nov. 2000; Atelier LIFOU 2000 leg.; sable et herbier autour du wharf; MNHN • 12 specimens, living; Baie du Santal, between Îlot Huca Hutighé and coast, Stn 1421; 20°52.4′ S, 167°08.5′ E; depth 4 m; 26 Nov. 2000; Atelier LIFOU 2000 leg.; sable grossier sur dalle; MNHN • 6 specimens, living; Lifou, Baie du Santal, in front of Chépénéhé, Stn 1415; 20°47.1′ S, 167°09.1′ E; depth 3–7 m; 25 Nov. 2000; Atelier LIFOU 2000 leg.; sable; MNHN • 4 specimens, living; Baie du Santal, Pointe de Chépénéhé, Stn 1420; 20°47.7′ S, 167°09.4′ E; depth 4–5 m; 18 Nov. 2000; Atelier LIFOU 2000 leg.; dalle avec couverture séd.; MNHN • 1 specimen, dead; Baie du Santal, Pointe de Chépénéhé, Stn 1438; 20°47.7′ S, 167°09.4′ E; depth 6 m; 11 Nov. 2000; Atelier LIFOU 2000 leg.; tombant avec grandes passées sableuses; MNHN • 2 specimens, dead; Baie du Santal, in front of Kiki, Stn 1427; 20°47.6′ S, 167°10.2′ E; depth 10 m; 23 Nov. 2000; Atelier LIFOU 2000 leg.; sable grossier et coraux vivants au pied des patates; MNHN • 22 specimens, living; Baie du Santal, in front of Kiki, Stn 1411; 20°47.6′ S, 167°10.4′ E; depth 48 m; 23 Nov. 2000; Atelier LIFOU 2000 leg.; sable entre patates; MNHN. KIRIBATI • 4 specimens, dead; Tarawa; Cox leg.; NMW.1955.158. Description (Fig. 18) SHELL. Relatively small (adult shell diameter 4–5 mm) and stout, spire trochiform with indented suture; whorls weakly shouldered and weakly angled at periphery; base rounded with relatively narrow umbilicus. Sculpture of spiral cords, usually 4–5 on penultimate whorl, with finer spiral lirae on shoulder; a further cord level with abapical suture; shoulder cord and the one below it usually stronger and distinctly undulant, reminiscent of piped icing on a cake (Fig. 19A); peripheral cord also often undulant; cord intervals with close-set microscopic axial pliculae. Basal cords finer, more evenly sized and evenly spaced; peri-umbilical region sometimes with weak axial pliculae, more distinct in strongly sculpture specimens; umbilicus with a thickened cord just inside its rim, set off from remainder of base by a distinct furrow; a further low, broad funicle (sometimes indistinct) within umbilicus; aperture roundly quadrate; outer lip thick, internally smooth. COLOUR. Pattern variable, but ground colour commonly whitish, mottled with shades of green/brown, or pink/red, often as subsutural blotches or flames and smaller peripheral spots; base usually with fewer markings, rarely with irregular axial flames. Occasional specimens with a pale pink wash above and below periphery (Fig. 18I). Apex normally whitish, but apical bulb of protoconch very occasionally dark. PROTOCONCH (Fig. 19B). Typically umboniine, diameter ±170 µm; apical beak present and confluent with terminal lip; sculptured with subspiral threads toward periphery and near apical beak, crossed by transverse threads in region of apical bulb; terminal lip weakly convex. OPERCULUM (Fig. 19C–D). Corneous, whorls relatively wide and growing edge moderately long; peripheral fringe narrow, not remaining evident on early whorls; surface lacking spiral microsculpture. RADULA (Fig. 19E–F). Formula ∞+ (1) + 5 +1 +5 +(1) +∞, with ± 35 transverse rows of teeth; teeth of central field reduced, but base-plates remaining distinct; rachidian base-plate subquadrate with rounded anterior shoulders