Modeling Social Evolution, Involution, and Indeterminacy: A Neutrosophic-Cultural Algorithm Approach

Neutrosophic Sociology, or Neutrosociology, is the study of sociology using neutrosophic scientific methods for understanding the dynamics of social systems within complex environments. When a social change occurs, the society evolves with respect to some parameters, regresses with respect to others, and remains the same or experiences an unclear change (indeterminacy) with respect to another set of parameters. This mirrors neutrosophic logic: true (𝒯), neutral or indeterminate (ℐ), and false (ℱ). The main concept of cultural algorithms is a generalization of the idea that evolution has at its base both racial learning within species and social learning within human societies. By employing a mathematical formulation that incorporates these theories, this study proposes a new framework, namely the Neutrosophic Theory of Cultural Evolution (NToCE), which analyzes how stakeholders can optimize their beliefs and actions in the face of uncertainty and conflicting interests. A real life scenario adopted from the neutrosophic social change due to technology as described in related bibliography, demonstrates the efficacy of this integrated neutrosophic framework in fostering collaborative decision-making, increasing flexibility, and promoting sustainability. The findings of our study reveal that adding neutrosophic principles into cultural algorithms considerably increases the robustness and resilience of social systems, allowing for more sophisticated modelling of stakeholder interactions and belief development.