Food Security, Government Effectiveness, and Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence in ASEAN

Abstract The study aims to examine the role of government effectiveness and several macroeconomic variables consisting of gross domestic product (GDP), total population, and foreign direct investment, on food security in ASEAN member countries. Specifically, this study uses the Panel Estimated Generalized Least Square method (Cross-section weights). The panel data used consists of 11 ASEAN member countries with a span of 2010 to 2021. Data on food security, government effectiveness, and macroeconomic variables are obtained from the World Bank. The indicators are respectively. This study found a positive relationship between food security; government effectiveness; and macroeconomic variables. These results indicate that, the influence of government effectiveness and macroeconomic variables in ensuring food security in ASEAN is relevant in improving food security. The study recommends that policies and programs that ensure quality civil services, policy formulation, implementation and credibility of government commitment to such policies are fundamental to long-term food sustainability in ASEAN Member States. Keywords: ASEAN, Food Security, Government Effectiveness, Macroeconomics