Association between Modic Changes, Disc Degeneration, and Lower Back Pain in Lumbar Spine among Residents in Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Lower back pain (LBP) is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition affecting individuals globally. Modic changes (MCs) and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) are considered significant radiological findings associated with LBP. This study aims to evaluate the association between MCs, IDD, and LBP among residents in Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 300 participants aged 20-60 years from Mathura. Participants underwent lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess MCs and IDD. LBP was evaluated using a standardized questionnaire and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Statistical analyses were performed to determine the association between MCs, IDD, and LBP. Results: Out of 300 participants, 180 (60%) reported LBP. MCs were identified in 90 participants (30%), and IDD was observed in 150 participants (50%). A significant association was found between the presence of MCs and LBP (p < 0.001). Participants with both MCs and IDD exhibited higher VAS scores compared to those with either condition alone. Conclusion: The study demonstrates a significant association between MCs, IDD, and LBP among the residents of Mathura. These findings underscore the importance of early detection and management of MCs and IDD to alleviate LBP.