Smart Fluids and External Controls: Thermomechanical Properties of Magnetized Sutterby Nanofluid Flow under Thermal Stratification and Slip Effects

Smart fluids have revolutionized thermal and fluid engineering by offering tunable rheological properties in response to external fields such as magnetic, electric, or thermal gradients. Among these, non-Newtonian smart nanofluids modeled by the Sutterby constitutive equation have garnered substantial attention due to their viscoelastic behavior and complex shear-thinning characteristics. This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the thermomechanical behavior of magnetized Sutterby nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet under the combined influence of thermal stratification and velocity slip effects. Unlike Newtonian fluids, Sutterby fluids can adapt to external controls, enabling advanced thermal management in high-tech applications such as smart cooling systems, microfluidic devices, and biomedical transport. Thermal stratification introduces a vertical temperature gradient, altering buoyancy forces and influencing heat transfer characteristics. Additionally, the application of a transverse magnetic field introduces Lorentz forces that act as a resistive mechanism to the flow. Velocity and thermal slip at the boundary further refine the model by reflecting realistic interfacial conditions. The study provides an in-depth discussion of how these smart control parameters affect velocity profiles, temperature distribution, and effective thermal conductivity. Emphasis is placed on the practical significance of these parameters in technological and industrial applications, providing a foundational framework for future research in smart nanofluid-based thermal systems.