Enzymosomes; Enzyme activity with Liposomal carriers forEnzymatic drug-delivery

Enzymosomes, a novel drug delivery system, offer a promising approach to enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize adverse effects. This review delves into the structure, composition, preparation, and characterization of these unique carriers, combining the advantages of enzymes and liposomes. Enzymes, incorporated into liposomes, provide targeted drug release based on specific enzymatic activity, enhancing drug delivery to desired sites. The structure of enzymosomes comprises a liposomal membrane encapsulating enzymes, often attached to the membrane through covalent bonds or physical entrapment. The composition varies depending on the specific application, with choices of phospholipids, cholesterol, and other lipids influencing the membrane's properties and drug encapsulation. Preparation typically involves a combination of lipid film hydration, sonication, extrusion, followed by enzyme incorporation. Characterization techniques include size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, enzyme activity, and stability studies. Drug delivery faces challenges like low bio availability, poor targeting, and adverse side effects. Enzymosomes address these challenges by providing sustained release, targeted delivery, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Applications include drug delivery to cancerous tumors, gene therapy, and treatment of inflammatory diseases. The future of enzymosomes holds promising advancements, with the potential to develop more sophisticated carriers incorporating multiple enzymes for controlled drug release, stimuli-responsive delivery systems, and biodegradable materials for improved bio-compatibility.