The Effect of Serum Lipid Profile & Blood Pressure Between Obese and Non-Obese Subjects

Abstract Background: Obesity is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, often leading to abnormalities in lipid profiles and elevated blood pressure. In obese individual, there is an excess accumulation of fat which imposes an extra burden on cardiovascular system. The study aimed to compare the lipid profiles and blood pressure parameters in obese and non-obese individuals to determine the association between these factors. Methods: The study was conducted at Dept. of Physiology, Dinajpur Medical College Hospital, Dinajpur, Bangladesh from January 2023 to December 2023. A total of 100 participants were recruited for the study, with 50 participants in each group. Data collected on their lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL) and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic). Obesity was defined using the Body Mass Index, with a BMI ≥30 considered obese. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and chi-square tests to compare the differences between the two groups. Results: The mean age of participants in the obese group is 45.2±10.4 years, while the non-obese group has a mean age of 42.3±9.5 years. Study included 100 patients, 50 obese and 50 non-obese. In the non-obese group, there is a slight majority of females (51.9%) over males (47.9%). Overall, the total sample comprises 48% males and 52% females. The obese group has a mean BMI of 32.1 ±3.5 kg/m², which falls above the obesity threshold of 30 kg/m². obese group higher systolic blood pressure (136.3±12.5 mmHg vs. 123.1±10.2 mmHg, p < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (88.4 ± 9.4 mmHg vs. 78.7 ±8.3 mmHg, p < 0.05) than the non-obese group. The results were statistically significant for both lipid profiles and blood pressure parameters (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Obesity is strongly associated with adverse changes in lipid profile and elevated blood pressure. These findings underline the importance of addressing obesity as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular health.