Microbial Nanotechnology in the Mitigation of Industrial Pollution

The global escalation in industrial activities has led to an alarming surge in environmental pollution, affectingecosystems and public health. Industrial effluents, laden with toxic heavy metals, organic dyes, hydrocarbons, and gaseouspollutants, have outpaced the efficacy of traditional remediation techniques. In this context, microbial nanotechnology—amultidisciplinary approach combining microbiology and nanoscience—has emerged as a promising and sustainable strategyfor pollution control. This review explores the green synthesis of nanoparticles by environmental microbes and their potentialapplications in mitigating industrial pollution. The discussion spans the mechanisms of pollutant degradation, the advantagesof microbial-nanoparticle hybrids, and their performance in real-world settings such as wastewater treatment, air purification,and soil remediation. The review further evaluates the ecological implications, challenges in scale-up, and prospects ofintegrating microbial nanotechnology in industrial decontamination frameworks. By leveraging the synergistic capabilities ofmicrobes and nanomaterials, this innovative field offers scalable and eco-friendly solutions to pressing environmentalchallenges