Impact of Multimodal Analgesia in ERAS Protocols on Recovery after Major Abdominal Surgery

Abstract Introduction: Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols are designed to optimize postoperative recovery by minimizing physiological stress. One of the key components, multimodal analgesia, combines various pain management techniques to reduce opioid use and improve outcomes. This study explores the role of multimodal analgesia in ERAS protocols for patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, focusing on postoperative recovery and complication rates. Aims of the Study: This study aims to assess the impact of ERAS protocols on pain management, opioid use, recovery time, and complication rates in major abdominal surgery patients. Objectives of the Study 1. To compare pain scores and opioid consumption between ERAS and traditional care groups. 2. To assess recovery time, including length of stay and time to ambulation. 3. To evaluate complications and patient satisfaction. Materials and Methods Study Design: This was a prospective randomized controlled trial. Study Site: The study was conducted at GMC Jammu, a tertiary care center, over one year, from January 2023 to December 2023. Study Population: 100 patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery were included and randomly assigned to two groups: ERAS (n=50) and traditional care (n=50). Interventions: The ERAS group followed a protocol involving multimodal analgesia (local anesthesia, NSAIDs, acetaminophen, and regional anesthesia), early mobilization, and minimized narcotic use. The traditional care group received standard analgesics and delayed mobilization. Outcome Measures: Primary outcomes included pain scores, opioid consumption, and length of stay. Secondary outcomes included time to ambulation, bowel function recovery, complications, and patient satisfaction.