Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Perioperative Dexmedetomidine Infusion in Reducing Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery

Background: Postoperative delirium is a common complication in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, has shown potential in reducing the incidence of delirium through its sedative and analgesic properties. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of perioperative dexmedetomidine infusion in reducing postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Methods: A prospective study was conducted with 100 elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Patients were randomized into two groups: one receiving perioperative dexmedetomidine infusion and the other receiving standard care. Data on delirium incidence, opioid consumption, hemodynamic stability, and adverse effects were collected. Results: The dexmedetomidine group exhibited a significantly lower incidence of postoperative delirium, reduced opioid consumption, and stable hemodynamics compared to the control group. Conclusion: Perioperative dexmedetomidine infusion is effective and safe in reducing the incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, with the added benefit of opioid-sparing effects.