Gender differences in sports performance across hockey, soccer, and basketball among athletes in South-West Nigeria

This study investigates gender differences in sports performance across hockey, soccer, and basketball, focusing on physical, psychological, and social factors, as well as strategies for minimizing disparities. The persistence of gender disparities in sports is influenced by physiological differences, societal expectations, and unequal access to resources, making this a critical area for research. The study adopted a descriptive survey design, with a purposive sample of 120 athletes comprising 52.5% males and 47.5% females, ensuring balanced representation across the three sports. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, featuring a four-point Likert scale to measure respondents’ perceptions. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis. The results revealed that male athletes are perceived to have an advantage in strength (mean = 3.15, SD = 0.87) and speed (mean = 3.19, SD = 0.83), while female athletes were recognized for their endurance (mean = 3.21, SD = 0.84). Skill execution, such as accuracy and technique, was largely considered gender-neutral (mean = 3.34, SD = 0.82). Psychological pressures were significant, with male athletes expected to lead (mean = 3.14, SD = 0.85), while female athletes faced greater scrutiny regarding appearance (mean = 3.05, SD = 0.90). Respondents identified strategies for minimizing disparities, including equal access to training programs (mean = 3.17, SD = 0.85) and addressing stereotypes (mean = 3.13, SD = 0.89). The study concludes that while physiological differences influence performance in some areas, psychological and social factors play a significant role in perpetuating disparities. Implementing equitable training practices, promoting mentorship programs, and addressing stereotypes are critical for fostering inclusivity and equality in sports.