ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT BACTERIA IN WASTEWATER: GLOBAL OVERVIEW AND CONCEPT: REVIEW

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global issue that has raised significant concerns due to its harmful impact on both public health and national economies. The escalating threat of AMR and its sources remain subjects of ongoing research. Wastewater plays a crucial role as a habitat for bacteria and an environment that facilitates gene transfer. This review aims to examine the contribution of wastewater to AMR. Data on AMR in wastewater was gathered from studies published over the last decade, from 2014 to 2024. It was found that wastewater from agricultural practices, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and hospital effluents contribute to the spread of AMR. Additionally, factors such as the presence of antibiotics, heavy metals, pH levels, and temperature can trigger and exacerbate AMR in bacteria residing in wastewater. The AMR observed in these bacteria can be either natural or acquired. Various wastewater treatment methods, including membrane filtration, coagulation, adsorption, and advanced oxidation processes, have been employed to remove resistant bacteria, though their success varies. Wastewater plays a significant role in the propagation of AMR, and understanding this role is crucial to finding sustainable solutions. It is essential to consider the spread of AMR through wastewater as a threat that requires a comprehensive strategy to prevent further harm. The review suggests that pre-treatment of effluents from healthcare and agricultural sectors before their discharge into wastewater treatment plants should be mandatory. Finally, the study calls for collaborative efforts among governments, industries, and communities to curb the spread of AMR and protect both public health and ecosystems. Keywords: Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), Wastewater Treatment, Hospital Effluents, Public Health Threats, Wastewater Management. Title: ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT BACTERIA IN WASTEWATER: GLOBAL OVERVIEW AND CONCEPT: REVIEW Author: Okediji Simeon Adedayo, Adedolapo B Olorunfemi, Adeola Ayanyinka, Olowe Rita Ayanbolade, Itunuoluwa Oyelayo, Opaleye O, Ojurongbe O, Olugbenga A Olowe International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS) ISSN 2349-7823 Vol. 12, Issue 1, January 2025 - March 2025 Page No: 41-50 Paper Publications Website: www.paperpublications.org Published Date: 15-January-2025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14649841 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.paperpublications.org/upload/book/ANTIMICROBIAL%20RESISTANT-15012025-1.pdf