Review Of Underlying Mechanism Linking Diabetes And Depression Such As Neuroinflammation And Oxidative Stress

Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. Also called major depressive disorder or clinical depression, it affects how you feel, think and behave and can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems. You may have trouble doing normal day-to-day activities, and sometimes you may feel as if life isn't worth living. More than just a bout of the blues, depression isn't a weakness and you can't simply "snap out" of it. Depression may require long-term treatment. But don't get discouraged. This heterogeneous disease thus leads to various complications involving cardiovascular, renal, neurological and ophthalmic systems. Characteristic symptoms of diabetes: Excessive urine (polyuria), excessive thirst, excessive hunger (polyphagia), increased fluid intake (polydipsia), blurred vision, unexplained body weight loss (cachexia), lethargy. Diabetes mellitus is a disease/group of syndromes characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia as a result of either lack of insulin or resistance to its action; hence there is altered metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins and increased risk of complications from vascular disease (Davis and Granner, 2001). All forms of Diabetes Mellitus are due to either a decrease in the circulating concentration of insulin (insulin deficiency seen in type 1) or a decrease in the response of peripheral tissues to insulin (insulin resistance seen in type 2). These abnormalities are what lead to alterations in metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, ketones and amino acids, which are the features of hyperglycaemia.