The impact of culture in a project being successful or failing.

Abstract Handwashing is a fundamental public health practice that prevents the spread of infectious diseases, yet adherence to proper hand hygiene remains a challenge in many educational settings. This study examines the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of handwashing among secondary school students in South Galkayo, Somalia. The research assesses students' awareness of hand hygiene, their perceptions of its importance, and the actual handwashing behaviors they exhibit in their daily routines. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data was collected through structured questionnaires distributed to secondary school students. The findings indicate that while a majority of students recognize the importance of handwashing, gaps exist between knowledge and practice. Barriers such as lack of soap, inadequate water supply, and limited hygiene education contribute to inconsistencies in proper handwashing behaviors. Additionally, socio-cultural factors and misconceptions about hygiene further affect adherence to recommended handwashing practices. The study highlights the need for enhanced school-based hygiene education programs, improved access to handwashing facilities, and stronger community awareness campaigns. Recommendations include integrating hygiene education into school curricula, ensuring schools are equipped with adequate water and soap, and promoting behavioral change initiatives to instill lifelong hand hygiene habits. These findings provide valuable insights for educators, public health officials, and policymakers working to improve hygiene practices among students in Somalia.