ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM AND CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN YOUNG SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN

The condition of the musculoskeletal system is one of the key indicators of health in children and adolescents. The age of 7-12 years, which coincides with the start of school education, is an important stage of late childhood when growth processes and changes in the morphological and functional structure of all organs and systems continue actively. During this period, the development of all components of the musculoskeletal system is completed. The growth and development of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are closely linked to the morphological formation of the musculoskeletal system. In young school-age children, the development of the thoracic cavity continues, along with its gradual ossification. The cardiorespiratory system, being one of the key functional systems of the body, plays a crucial role in adapting to various external influences, reflects the course of recovery processes, and is one of the first to respond to excessive physical loads. Functional postural disorders in schoolchildren are quite common, and despite significant attention to this issue from scientists, doctors, and educators, a definitive solution has not yet been achieved. The identified characteristics of the influence of postural disorders on the growing organism and their widespread prevalence highlight the importance of developing objective quantitative methods for assessing postural status, as well as the need to expand the range of studies on the musculoskeletal system.