A Prospective Clinical Study of Duodenal Perforation

Background: Duodenal perforation is a surgical emergency with high morbidity and mortality if not managed promptly. It commonly results from perforated peptic ulcers, often associated with habits like smoking and alcohol consumption. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical to improving outcomes. Aim and Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the clinical presentation, risk factors, radiological findings, intraoperative findings, complications, and outcomes of patients with duodenal perforation. Materials and Methods: This prospective clinical study was conducted on 65 patients diagnosed with duodenal perforation at a tertiary care hospital. Demographic data, clinical history, habits, radiological findings, site and size of perforation, complications, hospital stay, and outcomes were recorded. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The majority of patients (47.7%) belonged to the 41–50 years age group, with a male predominance (69.2%). Smoking and alcohol habits were significant risk factors (32.3%). Abdominal pain (66.2%) was the most common symptom. Pneumoperitoneum on X-ray (66.2%) and free fluid on CT (73.8%) were key diagnostic findings. The first part of the duodenum was the most common site of perforation (81.5%). Postoperative complications included wound infection (13.8%) and sepsis (6.2%). Mortality was 4.6%, and 80% of patients had a smooth recovery. Conclusion: Duodenal perforation predominantly affects middle-aged males with modifiable risk factors. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention significantly reduce morbidity and mortality.