Impact of Agrochemical Runoff on Groundwater Quality in Industrial Agriculture Zones

Groundwater, a critical resource for drinking water and agriculture, faces increasing contamination from agrochemical runoff in industrial agriculture zones. This review examines the impact of pesticides, fertilizers, and heavy metals on groundwater quality, focusing on their transport mechanisms, such as surface runoff and leaching. Agrochemical contamination poses significant environmental risks, including the degradation of aquatic ecosystems and soil health, as well as serious human health concerns like nitrate-induced methemoglobinemia and pesticiderelated cancers. Regional studies reveal that contamination is particularly severe in areas of intensive agriculture, such as the Midwest USA and Punjab, India.