Deliverable D1.4 New approaches and best practices for closing the energy cycle within symbioses clusters

The European Horizon 2020 ULTIMATE promoted circular economy concepts within the framework of water smart industrial symbioses. It focused on industrial wastewater streams as resource for water, energy and material recovery. ULTIMATE, in nine case studies, developed and demonstrated 24 circular economy related technologies. In six out of the nine case studies, a total of ten energy-related technologies were investigated. These concerned heat recovery, storage and reuse, biogas production and valorisation, as well as a joint control system to increase the energy efficiency of two connected wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Heat recovery, storage and reuse Solutions for heat recovery, storage and reuse were developed and demonstrated in the ULTIMATE case studies in the Netherlands (Nieuw Prinsenland), United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Tain) and France (Chemical Platform Roussillon).