Hibiscus Sabdariffa: The Tropical Plant with A Wealth of Health Benefit

Hibiscus sabdariffa, commonly known as roselle, is a tropical plant widely recognized for its medicinal and nutritional properties. The plant is characterized by its fleshy calyxes, which are used to prepare a variety of beverages, teas, and extracts. Numerous studies have explored the pharmacological potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa, highlighting its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic activities. Rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins, the plant has garnered attention for its potential health benefits, including its ability to lower blood pressure, improve lipid profiles, and support liver health. Additionally, Hibiscus sabdariffa has demonstrated potential in cancer prevention and wound healing. Despite promising findings, variability in the effects observed in clinical and preclinical studies suggests the need for more rigorous trials to better understand its mechanisms of action, optimal dosage, and long-term safety. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological effects, health benefits, chemical composition, and potential therapeutic applications of Hibiscus sabdariffa, while also addressing gaps in current research and directions for future investigation.