Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Pharmaceutical Care: A Systematic Review

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are transforming pharmaceutical care by enhancing decision-making, optimizing workflows, and improving patient outcomes. Applied in areas such as medication management, patient monitoring, and personalized treatment plans, these technologies support pharmacists in selecting medications, predicting treatment responses, and identifying drug interactions—reducing errors and hospital readmissions. AI also aids in real-time monitoring and operational improvements in hospital and community pharmacies. However, challenges persist, including data security, ethical considerations, regulatory needs, and some resistance to adopting AI-driven systems. This review consolidates findings from 16 articles, highlighting both the benefits and barriers to AI integration. Overall, while AI and ML hold great promise for enhancing patient safety and streamlining pharmacy practice, overcoming issues related to data privacy, ethics, and awareness among pharmacists will be essential to fully unlock their potential in pharmaceutical care.