A Review On Assessment And Management Of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) In The Department Of Gynaecology Of Private Hospital

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted hormonal disorder that affects approximately 5-10% of women of reproductive age. The condition is primarily characterized by three key features: chronic anovulation (irregular or absent menstrual periods), hyperandrogenism (elevated levels of male hormones), and polycystic ovaries (numerous small cysts on the ovaries). While not all women with PCOS will present with every symptom, common signs include irregular periods, excess hair growth (hirsutism), acne, weight gain, and thinning hair on the scalp. The exact cause of PCOS remains unclear, but genetic predisposition and environmental factors, such as lifestyle and diet, play a role. Insulin resistance, a condition where the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin, is also strongly associated with PCOS. This resistance can lead to increased insulin production, which may stimulate the ovaries to produce more androgens, worsening PCOS symptoms. PCOS is linked to several health risks beyond reproductive concerns, including an increased likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and endometrial cancer. Women with PCOS may also experience difficulty conceiving due to irregular ovulation or lack of ovulation. Management of PCOS is tailored to the individual's symptoms and goals. Treatment often includes lifestyle interventions such as weight loss and exercise, which can help improve insulin sensitivity and hormonal balance. Medications may be prescribed to regulate menstrual cycles, reduce androgen levels (such as anti-androgens or oral contraceptives), or aid with fertility (such as clomiphene or letrozole). In cases of insulin resistance, drugs like metformin are commonly used. For women seeking pregnancy, fertility treatments including in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be necessary.PCOS is a chronic condition that requires ongoing monitoring and management to prevent long-term complications and improve quality of life.