THE PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF MEMORY AND AGE-RELATED CHANGES

Memory is a fundamental cognitive function essential for learning, decision-making, and adaptation to environmental stimuli. It involves complex neurophysiological processes, including neuronal connectivity, neurotransmitter activity, and synaptic plasticity. This paper explores the physiological mechanisms underlying memory formation and retrieval, as well as the age-related changes that affect these processes. We discuss the roles of key brain structures such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex, and analyze the biochemical changes that occur with aging. Additionally, this study examines neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease, and their impact on memory function. The paper also presents statistical data on the prevalence of memory disorders among different age groups, using tables and diagrams for a clearer understanding of the topic. Finally, potential therapeutic interventions aimed at preserving memory function in aging individuals are discussed.