Study of prosthetic risk factors on the manducatory apparatus related to the wearing of partial dentures in patients with recessed edentulism

Background. Partial dentures are widely used to restore oral function in patients with partial tooth loss; however, improper fit can lead to dysfunction of the manducatory apparatus. This study explores the association between partial denture use and manducatory dysfunction, identifying specific prosthetic risk factors in patients with recessed edentulism. Methods- A case-control study was conducted with 594 patients (297 cases and 297 controls) aged 18 to 66, recruited from public and private dental practices. Data were collected through clinical examinations and structured assessments, analyzing general factors such as age, gender, and psychological profile, alongside prosthetic factors. Results - The findings revealed a significant association between partial denture use and manducatory dysfunction with an adjusted OR of 1.69 (95% CI [1.18-2.4], P = 0.003). Key risk factors include denture age over 5 years, instability, and protrusive interference, with adjusted ORs of 2.93, 2.55, and 2.17, respectively (P< 0.05). Conclusion -This study highlighted critical prosthetic factors associated with manducatory dysfunction in partial denture wearers with recessed edentulism, underscoring the need for a preventive and therapeutic prosthetic approach that includes regular screening and maintenance. Future longitudinal studies are recommended to explore causal relationships and refine preventive strategies in prosthetic care.