Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities of Spondias mombin and Thaumatococcus daniellii Leaf Extracts against Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolates

The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has rendered the treatment of infectious diseases less effective, leading to significant economic burdens and highlighting the urgent need for new antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of Spondias mombin and Thaumatococcus daniellii against the MDR clinical isolates such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis. The plant materials were extracted using the maceration method with acetone, ethanol, and chloroform as solvents. The phytochemical screening, and antibacterial activity of the extracts against the clinical isolates, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined with standard procedure. Phytochemicals (saponins, sugars, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, triterpenes, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides) were present in both plants' acetone, chloroform and ethanol crude extract. However, anthraquinones were absent in both acetone and ethanol extracts, whereas tannins, flavonoids, and anthraquinones were absent in the chloroform extract. The results showed that ethanol extract from T. daniellii exhibited the greatest antibacterial activity of 32.00 mm against E. coli. The minimum MIC and MBC for S. mombin ethanol extract against P. mirabilis were 3.125 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml, respectively. These findings support the potential of plant extracts as alternative antimicrobial agents against multidrug-resistant bacteria.