Classification of verb morphology in Sangesari: insights into the grammatical patterns of an endangered language

This study presents a paradigmatic description of the Sangesari verbal system, and explores the implications for language learning. Phonological features including consonants, vowels, syllable structure, and stress patterns are briefly described. Syntactic categories, such as nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs, are also discussed. The research reveals three paradigm classes for the past tense and a single paradigm for the present tense within the Sangesari verb system. Moreover, it highlights markings for phi-features, tense (present and nonpresent), aspect (progressive, perfect, double-perfect and imperfect), and mode, providing insight into Sangesari verb morphology. Based on these findings, recommendations are provided for effective language learning. Learners are encouraged to focus on mastering the complex verb morphology of Sangesari through practices such as verb stem formation, recognition of tense and aspect features, and contextual usage. By focusing on verb structure, learners can build a strong foundation for proficiency in Sangesari.