Fully Printed Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

In few years, the perovskite (PVSK) solar technology reached high efficiency on lab scale cells. The upscaling of PVSK photovoltaic (PV) technology from small area cells (PSCs) to modules, and the related industrial and economical transition, is achievable by scalable and low-cost manufacturing processes/materials and module design/interconnection patterning. Carbon-based PSCs are attracting attention because of low-cost, durability and printability (high throughput), but few works are present about modules. On the other hand, the most efficient and stable FAPI PVSK is mainly deposited by different techniques with a gold counter-electrode. Here, we changed the paradigm by optimizing the materials composition, by blade coating the full stack out of glove-box. The laser ablation strategy in combination with printing techniques were adopted to fabricate a fully printed module (preliminary prototype). We got 20.8%, 15% and 13.2% efficiency on gold- and carbon-based cells (0.5 cm2), and carbon-based module, respectively.