Advances in insect chromosome evolution(昆虫染色体进化研究进展)

Insects play an indispensable role in ecosystems, and studies on their chromosome evolution are crucial for understanding mechanisms of speciation, trait evolution and environmental adaptation. This paper systematically summarized the research progress in the field of insect chromosome evolution, focusing primarily on chromosome karyotype evolution and structural variations. In the section on karyotype evolution, we outlined fusion and fission events in holocentric chromosomes, with Lepidoptera species serving as a prime example, and provided a detailed summary of patterns and mechanisms underlying extreme variations in chromosome numbers. In the section on structural variations, we highlighted types of rearrangements such as inversions and translocations, specifically discussing their roles in restricting recombination or linking adaptive gene complexes, and summarized recent advances in understanding their contributions to speciation and functional innovation. This review aims to emphasize the potential value of chromosome evolution mechanisms in agricultural pest management and the development of beneficial insect resources, offering valuable reference and technical inspiration for both basic research on insect chromosome biology and applied research on pest control strategies. . 昆虫在生态系统中扮演着不可或缺的角色，其染色体进化研究对揭示物种形成、性状演化与环境适应机制具有重要意义。本文系统综述了昆虫染色体进化的研究进展，主要聚焦染色体核型进化和结构变异这2大核心方向。在核型进化部分，本文梳理了以鳞翅目昆虫为典型代表的全着丝粒染色体的融合与分裂事件，总结了相关研究中关于染色体数目极端变异的模式与机制；在结构变异部分，重点归纳了倒位和易位等重排类型，具体介绍了它们在限制重组或连接适应性基因组合中的作用，并总结了这些结构变异在物种分化与功能创新中的研究进展。本文旨在强调染色体进化机制在农业害虫防控和资源昆虫开发中的潜在价值，为昆虫染色体生物学的基础研究以及害虫防控的应用研究提供有益的参考和技术启示。