Freedom of Association in Vietnam: The Journey, Challenges, and Prospects for Legal Reform

Vietnam has long upheld the right to freedom of association in its constitutions, reflecting a commitment to fundamental human rights in line with international conventions. However, the country’s current legal framework (rooted in the 1957 Order No. 102) remains outdated, restricting civil society’s potential and falling short of modern needs. This article examines the intricate path toward establishing a comprehensive law on freedom of association, focusing on balancing state oversight and individual liberties. The article advocates for a progressive legal framework, emphasizing the need for reforms to nurture a vibrant civil society, positioning it as an ally in national development rather than a challenge to state authority. Such a law would enhance Vietnam’s global reputation, support sustainable development, and encourage a more dynamic, democratic society. This study adds meaningful insights to Vietnamese legal scholarship, offering actionable recommendations for policymakers and reaffirming Vietnam’s commitment to harmonizing its legal landscape with national ambitions and global human rights standards.