Exploratory sequential mixed-methods design in transitional justice research: a methodological research note from Portugal

Academics and stakeholders in transitional justice (tj) increasingly recognize the importance of studying victims’ attitudes toward retribution, reparation, and memorialization policies. However, collecting survey data on tj attitudes among victims of repression poses challenges, especially after long ended regimes. These populations are often unstable, difficult to identify, and lack up-to-date demographic data, which diminishes over time. This study reflects on the challenges of researching politically active individuals during Portugal’s Estado Novo (1933-1974) and proposes a multiphase mixed- -methods design by using civil society organizations, focus groups, and web surveys. Our experience offers valuable insights for researchers and students conducting retrospective studies involving individual-level data.