Macroelements removal by spelt (Tríticum spélta L.) crops on typical black soil in the Foreststeppe conditions of Ukraine

The article examines the features of macroelements removal (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) by spelt (Triticum spelta L.) crops in the Forest-Steppe conditions of Ukraine. It was found out that the crop is characterized by a high need for basic nutrients, which causes a significant extraction of biogenic elements from the soil and requires mineral nutrition optimization to ensure stable productivity and maintaining of agrocenosis fertility. The effect of foliar fertilization with biologically active preparations, in particular «Potassium Humate GK-17» and «Agriflex Amino» on the efficiency of absorption and excretion of basic macroelements depending on varietal characteristics was studied. The research results showed that the highest level of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium removal was typical for the «Europa» variety, while «Attergauer Dinkel», which is a classic genetically pure variety, demonstrated lower rates of macronutrient absorption. The use of «Potassium Humate GK-17» in the earing phase contributed to an increase in nitrogen removal by 2.1 kg/ha, phosphorus by 1.1 kg/ha, potassium by 2.6 kg/ha, while repeated treatment in the milk ripeness phase provided an even more significant increase in these indicators – by 10.7 kg/ha, 4.1 kg/ha and 9.2 kg/ha, respectively. It was found that the additional use of «Agriflex Amino» in the earing phase contributed to even more effective absorption of nutrients by plants, which allowed to obtain maximum rates of nitrogen removal (up to 186.9 kg/ha), phosphorus (up to 83.8 kg/ha) and potassium (up to 154.2 kg/ha). The obtained results indicate the feasibility of using biologically active substances in the spelt nutrition system, which ensures increased efficiency of macronutrient absorption, contributes to improving grain quality parameters and allows to minimize the negative impact on agroecosystems by maintaining the soil fertility level. Key words: spelt, typical black soil, macronutrients removal, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, humates, growth stimulators, crop productivity.