Modal Logic, Probability and Machine Learning Systems for Metadata Extraction

Artificial intelligence, since its inception, has had two major subfields, namely: logical reasoning and machine learning. Despite this, the interactions between these two fields have been relatively limited. In this paper, we highlight the need for closer integration of logical reasoning and machine learning. In our approach, logical reasoning tools such as probabilistic modal logic, are employed to provide qualitative feedback on the extracted descriptive metadata. The logical system we consider emerges from combining of S5 modal logic with the formulas of the infinite-valued Łukasiewicz logic and the unary modality P that describes the behaviour of probability functions. The result is a well-motivated system of probabilistic modal logic, that defines a probability distribution over possible worlds of the truth value of metadata extracted from precision medicine approach to Alzheimer’s disease articles through machine learning systems.