Development of a composite material based on a processed product of agricultural crop

Today, soil contamination with heavy metals (HMs) and various wastes is one of the main problems on a global scale, which affects the food and environmental security of the population of Kazakhstan. Anthropogenic influence on the environment contributes to an increase in the content of heavy metals in soils. This is facilitated by the developed industrial sector, high population density and large-scale growth of urban areas. The areas are mainly contaminated by municipal, construction, and industrial waste landfills and rock dumps from the coal mining industry. The legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan is focused on the transition from resource relations to relations aimed at rational use of natural resources, one of the main components of which is the preservation of environmental quality. To improve the soil content, peat, manure compost, and local loosening materials should be applied annually. One such material that holds great promise is rice husk (RH). When growing rice, a large amount of waste, primarily rice husks, accumulates annually. The content of organic matter in it reaches 82%. When processing 1 ton of rice grains, the share of rice husks is about 160 kg. Despite a significant number of developments in methods for recycling husks, most of them are not recycled, which increases the burden on the environment. However, the potential of rice husks in soil remediation is significant. The silicic acid gel present in the husk makes it possible to obtain valuable silicon-containing products. A significant part of scientific work is devoted to the production of silicon compounds from rice straw (RS). However, the most effective seems to be complex processing of RS, allowing the use of its inorganic and organic components. The result of processing can be composite materials that combine low density and sufficient strength of the cheap organic part of the RS, durability and temperature stability of the inorganic processed product. The development and implementation of new resource-saving technologies for the restoration of technogenic soil pollution, aimed at preventing the adverse impact of human economic activities on the environment, are currently a priority and relevant.