Assessment of the possibility of using carbon sorbents from biowaste for soil purification from heavy metal ions

Water and soil resources are one of the most important natural resources of a country, from which all the food needs of humans and animals are provided, but unfortunately, they are constantly exposed to encroachment and changes by human and non-human factors. Biochar is one of the solutions recently considered in international scientific forums for soil and water protection. In this study, carbon adsorbents' performance has been investigated to remove heavy metal pollutants. Carbon adsorbents, unlike resins that only deal with ion exchange, work in different environments, including in the presence of carboxyl, imidazole, sulfhydryl, amine, sulfate, phosphate, thioether, phenol, carbonyl, amide, and hydroxyl bases. In this study, the absorption rate of heavy trace elements with carbon adsorption and their efficiency has been investigated, and the results of pH and optimal concentration for carbon adsorption have been presented. A study has been done on the carbon absorbents used to separate heavy metals. Bio-carbon adsorbents are a cheaper and more effective alternative to separate metals and metal elements, especially in the separation of heavy metals in soil treatment. In this study, the amount of absorption in bio-absorbents, according to the cell structure and their types, has been investigated. The results show that the subsequent adsorption of bio-carbon adsorbent can be a suitable method for purifying soil from heavy metal ions.