Prevalence and Associated Factors of Community Acquired Pneumonia among Children 2 To 59 Months in Arsi Zone Towns, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Background: According to 2011 Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey (EDHS) prevalence of acute respiratory infection in Ethiopia is 7% with the significant variation across regions. Identifying its prevalence in under-five children with its associated factors is crucial to achieve and to reduce morbidity and mortality in developing countries to address the sustainable development. Objective: To assess prevalence and factors associated with community acquired pneumonia among children of age 2-59 months, in Arsi Zone towns, Oromia Regional State, South Eastern Ethiopia, 2017 G.C. Methods: A community based cross sectional study design was conducted from November 1, 2017 G.C. to December 1, 2017 G.C. among children of age 2- 59 months in Arsi Zone towns. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select 454 household and trained BSc nurses collected the data through face to face interview from mother/care givers of the children. Collected data was entered into Epi-info and exported to SPSS for step by step analysis. The descriptive statistics were used to analysis the collected data. Bivariate and then multivariate binary logistic regression and AOR with its 95% CI and P<0.05 was used to identify the factors associated with community acquired pneumonia. Result: children of age 2-59 months was 12.9% in Arsi zone. Children of mother who had learnt secondary school were less likely to develop community Acquired pneumonia (AOR: 0.284, 95% CI, (0.106, 0.755). The orthodox religion followers (COR: 0.412, CI 95%, (0.176, 0.964)) and Muslim religion followers (COR: 0.309, CI 95%, (0.123, 0.775) children of mother were less likely affected by CAP. Conclusion: The prevalence of CAP in 2-Educational status was inversely related to community Acquired pneumonia and religion are the factors associated with community acquired pneumonia. It is better if the further research is done on specific cause of community Acquired pneumonia and to investigate more associated factors of community Acquired pneumonia.