Advances in Research on High-Mach-Number Electromagnetic Flow Control Effectiveness

The electromagnetic flow control technology under high-altitude and high-speed flight conditions can be applied in multiple fields such as thermal protection, separation zone control, alleviating ionization blackout problems, aerodynamic shape design, etc. However, the application effects and laws of this technology in various fields have not been systematically summarized. The existing research results indicate that for magnetic thermal protection, reasonable optimization methods or appropriate electromagnetic field parameters can achieve a control effect of reducing stagnation point heat flux by at least 20% under typical conditions. For the magnetic separation zone, a control effect of 20% or more can also be achieved under typical operating conditions. Regarding the magnetic cutoff frequency, it can effectively reduce the electron density by more than 40%, thereby improving the ionization blackout problem. In terms of mechanism, for more complex separation flow control, current research mainly focuses on uniformly distributed magnetic field control, with a single type of magnetic field. Research on the spatiotemporal distribution parameters of the electromagnetic field mostly focuses on individual values within a specified interval, and has not been combined with optimization methods. For the control of heat flux and magnetic flow at the aircraft head, optimization methods have been adopted for variable magnetic field design, effectively reducing the peak heat flux and total heat load of the aircraft head. Based on the current research status, a summary has been made on the effectiveness and laws of electromagnetic flow control, providing guidance for further optimization design of electromagnetic fields in the future.