Optimal control of frequency modulation for thermal power and energy storage considering dynamic frequency response

To address the frequency stability challenges caused by reduced inertia and insufficient frequency modulation capacity in power systems with a high proportion of renewable energy， this paper proposes an optimal dispatch and control strategy for thermal power and energy storage， with a focus on dynamic frequency response. First， a dynamic frequency response model is developed for a power system integrated with photovoltaic renewable energy， along with a formula to accurately quantify system-wide frequency fluctuation characteristics. Next， a frequency modulation model is established for a power system that incorporates energy storage. The goal is to optimize operational efficiency while considering the system’s operational constraints and dynamic frequency response metrics. Benders decomposition is applied to decompose the problem into a master problem and subproblems， which are solved iteratively to achieve optimal frequency modulation power allocation between thermal power units and energy storage stations. Finally， simulations are conducted using a case study of a regional power grid in Northwest China. Results demonstrates that the proposed strategy reduces frequency modulation costs by 1.39% compared to traditional strategies， validating its effectiveness.