Parvīn I'tisāmī and Women's Rights?

This article examines the overlooked feminist dimensions in the poetry of Parvīn I'tisāmī (1907–1941), a pivotal yet underrepresented figure in modern Persian literature. While scholarly attention has focused on the social critiques in her work, the thematic exploration of "inequality," particularly gender disparity, has received insufficient analysis. This study positions Parvīn alongside notable feminist Persian poets such as Tāhirah Qurrat al-'Ayn, Forough Farrokhzad, and Simin Behbahani, highlighting her unique contribution to this literary tradition. The article identifies three critical factors shaping her poetry and analyses selected works addressing feminist themes, both explicitly and implicitly. By re-evaluating Parvīn's poetic contributions through this lens, the study aims to offer a fresh perspective on her role in Iranian literary history and her engagement with the discourse of gender inequality. This exploration seeks to enrich understanding of Parvīn's work within the broader context of feminist Persian poetry.