Progress of P2X receptor in neuropathic pain and migraine

Migraine is a complex neurological disorder with unknown etiology, involving genetic and environmental factors. The pathogenesis of migraine is closely related to the activation of microglia and inflammatory factors. ATP is a ligand for the P2X receptor (P2XR), a ligand gated ion channel (LGIC) widely expressed in neurons and glial cells. This review elucidates that P2X (P2X3, P2X4, P2X7) receptors regulate the activation of microglia and release of inflammatory factors through different signaling pathways, mediating neuropathic pain and migraine occurrence, providing potential targets for the treatment of migraine.