Technology Development and Economic Assessment of Direct Air Capture (DAC) in the Context of Carbon Neutrality

[Introduction] This paper aims to explore the development status, application cases, and economic evaluation of direct air capture (DAC) technology in the context of carbon neutrality, thus providing references for achieving carbon emission reduction targets in China. [Method] This paper reviewed the working principles, types, and application cases of DAC technology and analyzed its development status both at home and abroad. By comparing cost data from different studies, it assessed the economy of DAC technology and discussed current challenges and potential solutions. [Result] The study finds that DAC technology effectively captures CO2 from the air and offers advantages such as flexibility in deployment and compatibility with renewable energy. However, its commercialization is still constrained by high costs, high energy consumption, and technical challenges related to large-scale deployment. Case analysis at home and abroad reveal the urgent need to address the efficiency and cost issues in practical applications, while also showing potential for optimization through technological improvements and policy support. [Conclusion] Despite the existing challenges, DAC technology remains a potential reserve technology for achieving carbon neutrality goals, especially for countries facing severe carbon reduction pressures like China. Research efforts should focus on developing more efficient and low-cost absorbents and adsorbents, improving system design, reducing energy consumption, and exploring combination with renewable energy sources. Government policy support and broad social acceptance are also key factors for the commercialization of DAC technology. These measures can drive the development and application of DAC technology, contributing to both carbon emission reduction and environmental protection goals.