The Impact of Extreme Weather on the Entire Process of Wind Power Development and Response Strategies

[Objective] The implementation of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking policies has promoted the rapid development of wind power, a clean energy source. In recent years, extreme weather and climate events occur frequently, and with the large-scale production and grid connection of wind power, the issue of meteorological disasters in wind farms caused by extreme weather has become more prominent. Extreme weather not only poses severe challenges to wind power development, but may also affect the grid stability and reliability of power supply. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply understand the mechanism of how extreme weather affects wind power development, and take effective prevention and response measures to ensure the healthy and safe development of the wind power industry. [Method] By reviewing the recently published literature on meteorological disasters in wind farms, the paper classified the high-impact weather affecting wind power development into two major categories: extreme weather and adverse weather. It summarized the impacts of extreme weather such as typhoon, strong wind, lightning, rainstorm, sandstorm, cryogenic freezing and high temperature, as well as adverse weather such as calm breeze wind, salt spray and sea fog, on wind farm planning, resource assessment, survey and design, installation construction, infrastructure, wind power output and wind power prediction during the planning and design, construction and operation stage of wind farm. [Result] In the planning and design stage, it is necessary to identify and assess the risks of extreme weather, and carry out scientific macro and micro site selection. In the construction stage, rainstorm, cryogenic freezing and so on can affect transportation and delay the construction period; strong winds, heavy rain and so on affect hoisting and cause operational risks; sea fog, lightning and so on may affect the safety of offshore wind power construction. In the production and operation stage, extreme weather can lead to large-scale shutdown of wind farms and loss of output, and even threaten the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Except for tropical cyclones of a certain intensity, other high-impact weather events are not conducive to wind power output. The frequent occurrence of extreme weather leads to a reduction in the accuracy of wind power forecasting. [Conclusion] Finally, measures to cope with high-impact weather are proposed, including strengthening emergency management and extreme weather monitoring and early warning, considering the impact of extreme weather on wind power forecasting, and strengthening the construction of energy storage system.